Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour

Normalization Based Framework for Risk Taking and Community Living in Offenders with Intellectual Disability [SS1]

Dr. Deepali Singh (1), Pratiksha Singh (2), Manni Sruthi (3), Ankit Punia (4), Dr. Utkarsh Shah (5), Dr. Rubi Talukdar (6)

(1) Associate Dean (R&D), Department of Development Studies, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
(2) Assistant professor, Department of Agriculture, Noida International University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
(3) Centre for Multidisciplinary Research, Anurag University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
(4) Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
(5) Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Parul Intitute of Medical Sciences & Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
(6) Assistant Professor, Department of Law, SOA National Institute of Law, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to formulate and test a framework of a normalization-based approach to risk-taking and community living among individuals with mild- to medium-level intellectual disability (ID) and determine its effect on both adaptive functioning and risk-related incidents, community participation, and recidivism factors. A sequential exploratory design with a mixed-method was used on 124 offenders with ID. The participants were separated into a community living group that was based on normalization (n = 62) and a traditional supervision group (n = 62). Adaptive behavior scales, structured risk assessment tools, community participation index, quality-of-life measures, and official recidivism records were used to collect data during a 12-month follow-up duration. The statistical tests were repeated-measures ANOVA, regression modeling, and logistic regression. The adaptive functioning in the normalization group showed a large improvement (mean increase = 9.2 points, p < 0.01) than in the traditional group (mean increase = 3.4 points, p = 0.08). Serious incidents were lower in the normalization group (0.4 vs. 0.8). Community participation (74.6 vs. 61.3, p < 0.001), quality of life (78.9 vs. 66.7, p < 0.001), and perceived autonomy (72.4 vs. 59.8, p < 0.001) were significantly higher. The recidivism rates became lower (12.9% vs. 27.4%), and the chance of reoffending was lower by 58% (OR = 0.42, p < 0.05). The adaptive skills, serious incidents, and recidivism are reduced significantly, which promotes strengths-based and community-oriented rehabilitation of the offenders with intellectual disability, as demonstrated by the normalization-based frameworks.