Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour

Pathway Analysis of Sex Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities Via the Ward and Hudson Model

Dr. Priyanka Singh (1), Dr. Sonam Dubey (2)

(1) Assistant Professor, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
(2) Assistant Professor, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Abstract

The paper appraises the Ward and Hudson Offending Pathways paradigm in the under-investigated scenario of sex offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID). Although the model has conventionally divided up the various offending into four pathways of self-regulation, Avoidant-Passive, Approach-Automatic and Approach-Explicit, the effects of important cognitive and social-communication impairments on the processes should be subject to additional criticism. Based on a qualitative case study design and thematic analysis of 62 male offenders, the study combined semi-structured interviews, clinical observations and forensic records to establish the most common cognitive distortions as well as environmental triggers. Contrary to initial hypotheses predicting a dominance of avoidant-passive behaviors replicating Lindsay et al. (2009), analysis of 62 male offenders via semi-structured interviews, clinical observations, and forensic records revealed 67.7% followed approach-oriented pathways, with Approach-Automatic most prevalent (35.5%), highlighting impulsivity driven by executive functioning deficits. Approach-Explicit followed (32.2%), though planning remained concrete versus sophisticated. Avoidant-Passive (19.4%) reflected absent coping skills; Avoidant-Active (12.9%) was rare due to cognitive load. Note: 'Passive' regulation (Approach-Auto + Avoidant-Passive = 54.9%) adapts the model for ID limitations. These lessons require the rehabilitative practice to move beyond the abstract cognitive-focused restructuring to the practice that is more focused on concrete and skill-based social training and strong environmental scaffolding. This study will help to better assess risk and conduct more specific therapeutic interventions based on the distinct criminogenic needs of the intellectually disabled offenders by enhancing the Ward and Hudson model by introducing the consideration of limited executive functioning.